LSD

LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is a narcotic substance that affects mental functions and sensory experiences. LSD is semi-synthetically produced from lysergic acid, which is derived from ergot alkaloids (such as ergotamine). [1]

LSD is most commonly absorbed into another substance, such as paper or sugar cubes. The dose is taken orally. [2] Other methods of use are rare. [3]

Legal status: LSD is classified as a narcotic. Its use, purchase, sale, and possession are prohibited in Finland. [4] [5]

How does it work?

LSD affects the brain by binding to serotonin receptors located throughout the brain. [2] [6] [7] These receptors are essential for sensory perception, memory, emotions, and self-awareness. [6] The effects begin 30–60 minutes after ingestion and can last up to 16 hours. [8]

LSD’s effects can be highly individual. [7] The size of the dose matters significantly, as do the user’s mindset, expectations, and the setting in which it is taken. [2] The effects can vary not only in intensity but also in quality depending on the dose. [7]

Psychological effects: LSD alters thought processes, emotions, and the senses. Under the influence, the sense of self and reality may blur—at higher doses, even disappear entirely. LSD impairs information processing, communication, and logical thinking. The perception of time and space can shift: a few minutes may feel like hours have passed, and users may feel as though they are merging with their surroundings. The substance amplifies whatever emotions and thoughts are most prominent at the time. Emotions may swing to extremes. Senses typically become heightened and may blend (synesthesia). [2] [6] [7] [8]

LSD is often classified as a hallucinogen because of its effects on visual experiences. Typically, however, users are aware that the altered perceptions are due to the drug and not reality. True hallucinations are relatively rare at typical doses and more often occur with large doses. [7] [9] [10] The term “psychedelics” is also used, including LSD alongside substances like psilocybin, mescaline, and ayahuasca. [7]

Physical effects: The physiological effects of LSD are minimal. During use, the body may feel warmer, heart rate may increase, and blood pressure may rise. Nausea, muscle stiffness, sensory hypersensitivity or disturbances, tremors, dizziness, and drowsiness may also occur. Pupils may dilate. [2] [3] [8] [9] Overall, LSD’s effects resemble those of psilocybin mushrooms.

Key risks

Acute risks: The experience of losing one’s sense of self or having reality fragmented can lead to anxiety, fear, and panic. [2] [8] LSD can also bring unconscious thoughts, emotions, memories, and traumas to the surface. While not inherently dangerous, this can worsen mental health issues or trigger psychosis in individuals at high risk. [3] [9] Sensory disturbances caused by LSD may recur even months after use. [11] There are also critical views on the link between LSD and mental health problems or psychosis. [12] [13]

Because LSD alters one’s perception of reality, users may inadvertently harm themselves or others. The risk of accidents is particularly high if the drug is used in public or without supervision. [7]

Polydrug use risks: Combining LSD with stimulants like amphetamine should be avoided due to the increased risk of psychosis.

Chronic use risks: Long-term use of LSD has not been shown to cause physical or psychological harm. [7] [12]

Dependence: LSD does not cause physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms. Psychological dependence is rare. [3] [6] [7] [9] With repeated use, tolerance to LSD and other psychedelics develops rapidly, but it returns to baseline within a few days. [3] [7] [9]

Use during pregnancy: LSD should be avoided during pregnancy as its effects on the fetus and pregnancy are unknown. [9]

How can risks be reduced?

Substance use always involves risks. LSD is a very potent substance with long-lasting effects. If one chooses to try it, it should initially be used in very small doses. The likelihood of negative effects increases with larger doses. [9] Additionally, people respond very differently to the same substances and dosages.

LSD should not be used if there is any suspicion of latent mental health issues and/or risk of psychosis. [9] Mild panic attacks may be alleviated with calm reassurance and waiting. [2]

The effects of LSD and similar substances are particularly sensitive to the user’s mental state and the environment. [3] In practice, this means that using LSD in a negative mindset, in a chaotic environment, or with unsafe company is very likely to lead to unpleasant experiences. The best way to reduce risks associated with LSD use is to take it in a safe and calm setting, if at all. Familiar, trusted company fosters a sense of security and helps prevent accidents. [9]